What is hialuronic acid and what is it used for in osteoarthritis? What kinds of hialurounic acid can we find?


Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural substance found in the synovial fluid of joints, including the knee. It is a high molecular weight glycosaminoglycan that plays a crucial role in lubricating and cushioning joints, as well as maintaining joint health. In people with osteoarthritis, the level of hyaluronic acid in the synovial fluid may be reduced, contributing to joint pain and stiffness.

In the treatment of osteoarthritis, hyaluronic acid is used as an intra-articular injection to supplement the natural HA in the joint, providing lubrication and shock absorption, thereby reducing pain and improving joint function.

There are various formulations of hyaluronic acid available for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. These formulations may differ in terms of their molecular weight, concentration, and source of hyaluronic acid. Common types of hyaluronic acid preparations used in knee osteoarthritis include:

  • High molecular weight hyaluronic acid: These formulations typically contain hyaluronic acid with a higher molecular weight, which is thought to provide longer-lasting lubrication and cushioning effects within the joint.
  • Medium molecular weight hyaluronic acid: Some formulations may contain hyaluronic acid with a medium molecular weight, which may offer a balance between viscosity and tissue penetration.
  • Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid: These formulations contain hyaluronic acid with a lower molecular weight, which may allow for better tissue penetration and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Cross-linked hyaluronic acid: Cross-linked hyaluronic acid formulations have been modified to increase their stability and prolong their residence time within the joint, potentially enhancing their therapeutic effects.

The choice of hyaluronic acid formulation may depend on various factors, including type of symptomatology and the severity of the symptomatology.