Castro Domínguez Francisco

Metatarsalgia is a medical condition characterized by pain and inflammation in the metatarsal region of the foot, which is the area just before the toes.

Symptoms:

Pain: The primary symptom of metatarsalgia is pain in the ball of the foot. The pain is often described as a burning or aching sensation and can be sharp or dull.

Swelling: Swelling and inflammation of the affected area may be present.

Tenderness: The metatarsal heads, particularly the second through fourth metatarsals, can be tender to touch.

Discomfort with Weight-Bearing: Pain is typically aggravated when standing, walking, or running, especially while wearing tight or high-heeled shoes.

Calluses or Corns: Over time, calluses or corns may develop on the soles of the feet in response to the increased pressure and friction.

Causes:

Excessive Pressure: High-impact activities, improper footwear, or excessive weight-bearing can place excessive pressure on the metatarsal heads.

Foot Deformities: Conditions such as bunions, hammertoes, or high arches can redistribute weight unevenly on the metatarsal heads.

Inadequate Footwear: Ill-fitting or narrow shoes can force the metatarsal bones together, leading to increased pressure.

Overuse and Repetitive Stress: Athletes, especially runners, are susceptible to metatarsalgia due to the repetitive stress on the forefoot.

Trauma: A direct injury or stress fracture to one of the metatarsal bones can lead to metatarsalgia.

Diagnosis:

Clinical Evaluation: A healthcare provider will perform a physical examination, assessing the affected foot, evaluating the patient's gait, and inquiring about symptoms and possible causes.

Imaging Studies:

X-rays: X-rays may be taken to rule out other causes of foot pain, such as stress fractures or bone abnormalities.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): In some cases, an MRI may be recommended to assess soft tissue involvement.

Treatment:

Conservative Management:

Rest: Reducing or modifying weight-bearing activities to alleviate pressure on the affected area.

Footwear Modification: Choosing shoes with proper arch support and cushioning, and avoiding high heels or tight-fitting shoes.

Orthotics: Custom or over-the-counter arch supports or insoles can redistribute pressure on the metatarsal heads.

Padding: Metatarsal pads or cushions can provide additional support and reduce pressure.

Ice: Applying ice to the affected area can help reduce inflammation and pain.

Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be recommended to manage pain and inflammation.

Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can provide exercises to strengthen foot muscles and improve balance.

Corticosteroid Injections: In cases of severe pain and inflammation, corticosteroid injections may be considered.

Surgical Interventions: Surgery is typically reserved for cases that do not respond to conservative treatments and may involve procedures to realign bones, correct deformities, or remove damaged tissue.