Vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) or Forestier-Rotes-Querol syndrome: What are the causes, diagnosis and treatment?

Vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis, also known as Forestier disease or Forestier-Rotes-Querol syndrome, is a disease characterized by the abnormal formation of bone tissue in the vertebrae of the spine, which can lead to loss of mobility and stiffness.


Causes:

The exact cause of vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the factors that have been associated with the disease include advanced age, obesity, diabetes, and genetic predisposition. Excessive formation of bone tissue in the vertebrae is a hallmark of this condition.


Diagnosis:

The diagnosis of vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis involves several steps:

  • Clinical evaluation: The doctor collects information about the patient's symptoms, such as back pain and stiffness, and performs a physical examination.
  • X-rays: X-rays of the spine are a key diagnostic tool. They show the formation of additional bone in the vertebrae and ankylosis (fusion) of the spinal joints.
  • Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): These imaging tests can provide a more detailed view of the spine and help evaluate the extent of the disease.
  • Blood tests: Although there is no specific blood test for vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis, blood tests can help rule out other diseases that may cause similar symptoms.

Treatment:

Treatment of vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis focuses on relieving symptoms and improving the patient's quality of life. Treatment options may include:

  • Medications: Pain relievers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and other medications can help reduce pain and inflammation.
  • Physical therapy: Physical therapy is important to maintain spinal mobility and strengthen muscles.
  • Occupational therapy: An occupational therapist can teach techniques and strategies to carry out daily activities more easily.
  • Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight and leading an active lifestyle can be beneficial in managing the disease.
  • Surgery: In severe cases or when the disease compresses the spinal cord, surgery may be considered to relieve pressure.