Gómez Sugrañes Mª Teresa

Ginecología y Obstetricia

Nuestros servicios

Cáncer ginecológico

¿Qué es la infeccion genital del Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH)?

La infección genital por VPH es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual (ETS), causada por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH). El virus del papiloma humano es el nombre que se le da a un grupo de virus que incluye más de 100 tipos o cepas diferentes. Más de 30 de estos virus son transmitidos sexualmente y pueden infectar el área ano-genital de hombres y mujeres, que incluyen la piel del pene, la vulva (área fuera de la vagina), el ano, las paredes de la vagina, el cuello uterino o el recto. La mayoría de las personas que se infectan por VPH no presentará síntomas y la infección desaparecerá por sí sola.

Algunos tipos de estos virus son llamados de "alto riesgo" y pueden revelar resultados anormales en las pruebas de Papanicolaou (citología cérvico-vaginal). La infección persistente por estos genotipos de papilomavirus humano (VPH) de alto riesgo oncogénico es la principal causa de carcinogénesis en el cuello uterino. Estos virus también pueden provocar cáncer de vulva, de vagina, de ano o de pene. Otros tipos de virus conocidos como de "bajo riesgo" son los que pueden dar lugar a anormalidades leves en las pruebas de Papanicolaou o causar verrugas genitales. Las verrugas genitales son abultamientos o crecimientos únicos o múltiples que aparecen en el área genital y en ciertas ocasiones adquieren un gran tamaño.

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Consideraciones

El VPH se encuentra tan difundido que sólo las personas que no han tenido relaciones sexuales no han estado expuestas a él. En casi todos los casos la infección es subclínica y de corta duración. Los condones no previenen por completo la transmisión del VPH porque se puede contagiar durante las prácticas sexuales u otras actividades distintas al coito. Sin embargo, el riesgo se reduce con los condones. Los productos que se utilizan durante la menstruación también pueden transportar al virus. La inserción de los tampones puede trasladar al virus desde los labios hacia la vagina. Las compresas femeninas pueden retener y transmitir el virus. La humedad y la abrasión facilitan cualquier vía de transmisión. El coito anal es una forma de transmisión frecuente porque la mucosa anal es frágil y muy susceptible a la infección por VPH.
What vaccines are available against HPV infection?
- Quadrivalent vaccine: recently approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It gives protection against four types of HPV: 6, 11, 16 and 18. It is administered in three injections over a period of 6 months.
- Bivalent vaccine: still undergoing trials; protects against two types of HPV: 16 and 18. It is also administered in three doses over a 6-month period. Both vaccines are based on a technology partly developed by scientists from the National Cancer Institute (NCI).
How do anti-HPV vaccines work?

They work like other vaccines that protect against a viral infection. The unique surface components of HPV can create an antibody response capable of protecting the body against infection, and these components can be used as a basis for developing a vaccine.
How effective are anti-HPV vaccines?

They are extremely effective for preventing infection by the specific types of HPV for which they have been devised. The vaccine approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) provided protection against almost 100% of the precancerous changes in cervical cells caused by these types of HPV, up to a period of 4 years after vaccination.
Why are these vaccines important?

They are potentially capable of reducing the number of deaths from cervical cancer worldwide by two thirds. Furthermore, these vaccines can obviate the need for medical care, biopsies and invasive measures associated with follow-up procedures after abnormal results for the Papanicolaou test.
How safe are anti-HPV vaccines?

Before authorizing any vaccine, the FDA must verify that it is both effective and safe. These vaccines have been tested on thousands of people in the USA and many other countries. No serious secondary effects have been reported to date. The most common problem is a brief pain in the injected area and other symptoms normally associated with other approved vaccines.
How long do they provide protection against the infection?

This remains to be determined. To date, however, they are known to provide protection against HPV 16 for up to 4 years. Research on vaccines currently undergoing trials shows that they provide protection against infection by HPV 16 and 18 for more than 4 years.
Are booster shots necessary?

Trials are being carried out to determine the necessity of booster shots (complementary doses of a vaccine, usually weaker than the first dose, that are given to maintain immunity).
Who should be vaccinated against HPV?

Vaccines are only effective if they are given prior to HPV infection; it is advisable to administer them before the individual becomes sexually active. The FDA approved this vaccine for females between the ages of 9 and 26 years.
Should people already infected by HPV be vaccinated?

The preventive vaccines currently being researched do not treat infections, although in general they have been proved to be safe when administered to women already infected by HPV. At present, there is in general no examination available to check if a person has been exposed to HPV; it only shows whether a women has an HPV infection and identifies the HPV type. It provides no information about past infections. The decision whether or not to administer the vaccine on the basis of possible previous exposure to these types of HPV is currently being discussed by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and by other advisory bodies.

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Centro Médico Teknon

Gómez Sugrañes Mª Teresa

Consultorios Marquesa (despacho 45, 2ª planta)

C/ Vilana, 12

08022 Barcelona

Principal: 623 592 188 / Secondaries: 93 211 63 88 / 93 290 64 45

consulta@dragomezsugranes.com

Schedules

	Morning	Afternoon
Monday	10.00 - 15.00 h	16.00 - 19.00 h
Tuesday	10.00 - 13.00 h	16.00 - 20.30 h
Wednesday	10.00 - 15.00 h	16.00 - 19.00 h
Thursday	10.00 - 13.00 h	16.00 - 20.30 h
Friday	09.00 - 14.00 h	15.00 - 19.00 h

Carrer de Vilana, 12, 08022 Barcelona

932 906 200